Paub meej: kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb ntsig txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab ib txwm tau txais kev saib xyuas los ntawm txhua yam.Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog thawj zaug siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab.Hauv Suav teb, qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev suav txog 50% txog 60% ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb.Nws tsuas yog ob xyoos txij li lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab cov khoom siv tswj.Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb dua los daws thiab daws qhov teeb meem kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom kom raug, thiab txaus siab yuav tsum tau them rau nws.
Cov lus tseem ceeb: rwb thaiv tsev thiab rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tshua muaj voltage switchgear
0. Taw qhia
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj hwm, kev tiv thaiv, kev ntsuas, kev hloov pauv thiab kev faib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv qhov hluav taws xob qis hluav taws xob.Raws li qhov qis-voltage switchgear nkag mus tob rau hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom, chaw pej xeem, thaj chaw thiab lwm qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem hais tias txhua qhov chaw uas siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg.Kwv yees li 80% ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb yog muab los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsawg-voltage switchgear.Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm low-voltage switchgear yog muab los ntawm cov khoom siv kev lag luam, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob thiab cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg nyob hauv cov qauv, yog li cov qib qis voltage switchgear qhia txog lub zog ntawm kev lag luam, kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev ua neej nyob ntawm tus qauv. lub teb chaws los ntawm ib sab.
1. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev txhais tau hais tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev yog xaiv raws li cov kev pabcuam thiab ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv.Tsuas yog thaum tsim cov khoom siv raws li lub zog ntawm kev ua haujlwm nws dais hauv nws lub neej xav tau, tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev tsis yog los ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud xwb tab sis kuj los ntawm cov khoom siv nws tus kheej.Nws yog ib qho teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog txhua yam, uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab dav.Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau muab faib ua peb ntu: ua ntej, kev siv cov khoom siv;Qhov thib ob yog kev siv ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab qhov thib peb yog kev xaiv cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev.
1.1 Cov kev siv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv cov khoom siv feem ntau yog xa mus rau qhov hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob thiab zaus siv los ntawm cov khoom siv.
1.1.1 kev sib raug zoo ntawm rwb thaiv tsev kev sib koom tes thiab voltage.Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab qhov hluav taws xob, qhov hluav taws xob uas yuav tshwm sim hauv qhov system, qhov hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv, yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua voltage, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kheej thiab kev sib tsoo yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab.
① Kev faib tawm ntawm voltage thiab overvoltage, waveform.
A. nruam fais fab zaus voltage, nrog tas li R, m, s voltage;
B. ib ntus overvoltage, hwj chim zaus overvoltage ntev;
C transient overvoltage, dhau-voltage rau ob peb milliseconds lossis tsawg dua, feem ntau yog siab damping oscillation lossis tsis oscillation.
——Ib ntus overvoltage, feem ntau ib-txoj kev, ncav cuag tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm 20 μ sTp5000 μ Nruab nrab ntawm S, lub sijhawm ntawm yoj tus Tsov tus tw T2 ≤ 20ms.
—— Ceev nthwv dej ua ntej overvoltage: ib ntus overvoltage, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, ncav cuag tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm 0.1 μ sT120 μs.Wave Tail ntev T2 ≤ 300 μs.
—— Ntsig yoj pem hauv ntej overvoltage: ib ntus overvoltage, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, ncav cuag tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm TF ≤ 0.1 μs.Lub sijhawm tag nrho yog 3MS, thiab muaj cov oscillation superimposed, thiab zaus ntawm oscillation yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 30kHz thiab 100MHz.
D. ua ke (ib ntus, qeeb rau pem hauv ntej, nrawm, ntxhab) overvoltage.
Raws li hom overvoltage saum toj no, tus qauv voltage waveform tuaj yeem piav qhia.
② Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sij hawm ntev AC lossis DC voltage thiab rwb thaiv tsev sib koom ua ke yuav tsum xav txog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab qhov ua haujlwm tiag tiag.Hauv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm thiab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm qhov system, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab qhov ua haujlwm tiag tiag yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab.Ntxiv rau qhov ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm tus qauv, peb yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov tseeb ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kab hluav taws xob.Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tam sim no uas qhov zoo ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob tsis zoo nyob rau hauv Suav teb, thaum tsim cov khoom, qhov tseeb ua haujlwm voltage yog qhov tseem ceeb dua rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.
③ Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob overvoltage thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog cuam tshuam nrog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tswj cov hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob.Nyob rau hauv lub system thiab cov khoom siv, muaj ntau hom kev overvoltage.Kev cuam tshuam ntawm overvoltage yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua tiav.Hauv qhov hluav taws xob qis hluav taws xob, overvoltage yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam sib txawv.Yog li ntawd, lub overvoltage nyob rau hauv lub system yog soj ntsuam los ntawm statistical method, reflecting ib lub tswv yim ntawm probability ntawm tshwm sim, Thiab nws yuav txiav txim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm probability txheeb cais seb puas yuav tsum tau kev tiv thaiv kev tswj.
1.1.2 pawg tshaj-voltage ntawm cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau muab faib ua IV chav kawm ncaj qha los ntawm cov overvoltage qeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis hluav taws xob raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus sij hawm ntev uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv siv.Cov khoom siv ntawm overvoltage qeb IV yog cov cuab yeej siv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li ammeter thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tam sim no ntawm theem dhau los.Cov khoom siv ntawm overvoltage class III yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa hauv kev faib khoom, thiab kev nyab xeeb thiab kev siv ntawm cov cuab yeej yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb, xws li switchgear hauv cov khoom xa tawm.Cov khoom siv ntawm overvoltage class II yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev faib khoom, xws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov hom phiaj zoo sib xws.Cov khoom siv ntawm cov chav kawm overvoltage I yog txuas nrog cov khoom siv uas txwv qhov kev hloov pauv hloov mus rau theem qis heev, xws li hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrog kev tiv thaiv dhau-voltage.Rau cov khoom siv tsis ncaj qha los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tsawg, qhov siab tshaj plaws voltage thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke loj ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej uas yuav tshwm sim hauv cov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
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Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau muab faib ua hluav taws xob tsis sib xws thiab cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws.Nyob rau hauv tsawg voltage switchgear, nws yog feem ntau suav hais tias yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis-uniform hluav taws xob teb.Qhov teeb meem zaus tseem tab tom xav txog.Feem ntau, tsawg zaus muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis qhov zaus tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev.
1.2 macro ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv cuam tshuam nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab ib puag ncig cuam tshuam rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.Los ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm cov kev siv tam sim no thiab cov qauv, kev hloov ntawm huab cua siab tsuas yog siv rau hauv tus account qhov kev hloov ntawm huab cua siab los ntawm qhov siab.Kev hloov pauv huab cua txhua hnub tau raug tsis quav ntsej, thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kub thiab av noo kuj tau tsis quav ntsej.Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj tseeb dua, cov huab cua siab yuav raug hloov raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov qauv, Cov yam ntxwv no kuj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account.Los ntawm micro ib puag ncig, macro ib puag ncig txiav txim siab micro ib puag ncig, tab sis micro ib puag ncig yuav zoo dua lossis phem dua li cov khoom siv macro ib puag ncig.Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv, cua sov, qhov cua thiab plua plav ntawm lub plhaub yuav cuam tshuam rau micro ib puag ncig.Lub micro ib puag ncig muaj cov kev cai meej hauv cov qauv tsim, uas muab lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov khoom.
1.3 cov teeb meem ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev yog qhov nyuaj heev.Nws txawv ntawm cov pa roj, thiab nws yog ib qho nruab nrab insulating uas tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau ib zaug puas.Txawm tias qhov xwm txheej overvoltage tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj mus tas li.Hauv kev siv mus ntev, cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev yuav ntsib ntau yam xwm txheej, xws li kev sib tsoo, cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev nws tus kheej yuav ua rau nws cov txheej txheem kev laus vim muaj ntau yam khoom siv rau lub sijhawm ntev, xws li thermal stress, kub, mechanical cuam tshuam thiab lwm yam. kev nyuaj siab.Rau cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev, vim muaj ntau yam ntawm ntau yam, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev tsis sib xws, txawm tias muaj ntau qhov ntsuas.Qhov no ua rau qee qhov nyuaj rau kev xaiv thiab siv cov khoom siv insulating, uas yog vim li cas lwm yam khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, xws li thermal stress, mechanical zog, ib nrab tso tawm, thiab lwm yam, tsis suav nrog tam sim no.
2. Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev
Tam sim no, txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txheeb xyuas qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog siv cov kev ntsuas dielectric impulse, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem xaiv rau cov khoom sib txawv.
2.1 lub rwb thaiv tsev sib piv impulse voltage ntawm cov cuab yeej yog 1.2/50 los ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas μ S yoj daim ntawv.
Cov zis impedance ntawm impulse generator ntawm impulse test fais fab mov yuav tsum yog ntau tshaj 500 feem ntau Ω, tus nqi impulse voltage tus nqi yuav tsum tau txiav txim raws li qhov teeb meem siv, overvoltage qeb thiab ntev siv voltage ntawm cov khoom, thiab yuav tsum tau kho raws mus rau qhov chaw siab.Tam sim no, qee qhov kev sim ntsuas tau siv rau qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob.Yog tias tsis muaj kev qhia meej meej ntawm cov av noo thiab qhov kub thiab txias, nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov kev thov ntawm tus qauv rau kev ua tiav switchgear.Yog hais tias cov cuab yeej siv ib puag ncig yog dhau qhov kev siv tau ntawm lub switchgear teeb, nws yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab kom kho.Kev kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm huab cua siab thiab kub yog raws li nram no:
Luas = 101.3 × 293 ( Δ T + 293 )
K - kho qhov ntsuas ntawm huab cua siab thiab kub
Δ T – kub sib txawv K ntawm qhov tseeb (lab) kub thiab T = 20 ℃
P - qhov tseeb siab kPa
2.2 rau qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob hloov pauv, AC lossis DC xeem tuaj yeem siv los hloov qhov kev ntsuas hluav taws xob tsis zoo rau kev ntsuas dielectric ntawm lwm qhov impulse voltage, tab sis hom kev sim no hnyav dua li qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, thiab nws yuav tsum tau pom zoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev sim yog 3 lub voj voog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev sib txuas lus.
DC xeem, txhua theem (zoo thiab tsis zoo) raws li kev siv hluav taws xob peb zaug, txhua lub sijhawm ntev yog 10ms.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm Tuam Tshoj, nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab thiab tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem yog qhov teeb meem loj.Vim hais tias ntawm kev qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv qis voltage switchgear thiab tswj cov khoom, nws tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm ze li ntawm ob xyoos.Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb dua los daws thiab daws cov teeb meem kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Siv:
[1] Iec439-1 low voltage switchgear and control equipment – Part I: type test and part type test complete equipment [s].
Iec890 tshawb xyuas qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob thiab cov cuab yeej tswj hwm los ntawm qee hom kev ntsuas los ntawm txoj kev extrapolation.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-20-2023