Paub meej: Nyob rau hauv 1987, cov ntaub ntawv kev cai "yuav tsum tau rau rwb thaiv tsev kev sib koom tes nyob rau hauv Ntxiv 1 rau iec439" yog tsim los ntawm lub sub Technical Committee ntawm lub International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 17D, uas officially qhia lub rwb thaiv tsev kev sib koom tes rau hauv lub low voltage switchgear thiab tswj. khoom siv.Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm Tuam Tshoj, nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab thiab tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem yog qhov teeb meem loj.Vim hais tias ntawm kev qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv qis voltage switchgear thiab tswj cov khoom, nws tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm ze li ntawm ob xyoos.Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb dua los daws thiab daws cov teeb meem kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Cov lus tseem ceeb: Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev thiab rwb thaiv tsev rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb ntsig txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab ib txwm tau txais kev saib xyuas los ntawm txhua yam.Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog thawj zaug siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab.Nyob rau hauv 1987, cov ntaub ntawv kev cai "yuav tsum tau rau rwb thaiv tsev kev sib koom tes nyob rau hauv Ntxiv 1 mus rau iec439" yog tsim los ntawm lub sub Technical Committee ntawm lub International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 17D, uas officially qhia lub rwb thaiv tsev kev sib koom tes rau hauv lub low voltage switchgear thiab tswj cov khoom.Raws li qhov teeb meem tiag tiag ntawm peb lub teb chaws muaj kev txhawj xeeb, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem yog ib qho teeb meem loj hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab thiab qis.Kev txheeb xyuas qhia tau hais tias qhov kev huam yuaj tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev suav txog 50% - 60% ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb.Ntxiv mus, nws tsuas yog ob xyoos txij li lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev tau raug muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab cov khoom siv tswj.Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb dua los daws thiab daws cov teeb meem kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
2. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev txhais tau hais tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev yog xaiv raws li cov kev pabcuam thiab ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv.Tsuas yog thaum tsim cov khoom siv raws li lub zog ntawm kev ua haujlwm nws dais hauv nws lub neej xav tau, tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev tsis yog los ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud xwb tab sis kuj los ntawm cov khoom siv nws tus kheej.Nws yog ib qho teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog txhua yam, uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab dav.Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau muab faib ua peb ntu: ua ntej, kev siv cov khoom siv;Qhov thib ob yog kev siv ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab qhov thib peb yog kev xaiv cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev.
(1) Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv
Kev siv cov khoom siv feem ntau yog xa mus rau qhov hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob thiab zaus siv los ntawm cov khoom siv.
1. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab voltage.Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab qhov hluav taws xob, qhov hluav taws xob uas yuav tshwm sim hauv qhov system, qhov hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv, yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua voltage, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kheej thiab kev sib tsoo yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab.
1. Kev faib tawm ntawm voltage thiab overvoltage, waveform.
a) Tsis tu ncua fais fab zaus voltage, nrog tas li R, m, s voltage
b) Ib ntus overvoltage, fais fab zaus overvoltage ntev
c) Transient overvoltage, dhau-voltage rau ob peb milliseconds lossis tsawg dua, feem ntau yog siab damping oscillation lossis tsis oscillation.
——Ib ntus overvoltage, feem ntau ib-txoj kev, ncav cuag tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm 20 μs
—— Ceev nthwv dej ua ntej overvoltage: Ib qho kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, ncav cuag tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm 0.1 μs
—— Ntsig yoj pem hauv ntej overvoltage: Ib qho kev hloov pauv dhau los, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, ncav cuag tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm TF ≤ 0.1 μs.Lub sijhawm tag nrho yog tsawg dua 3MS, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, thiab qhov zaus ntawm oscillation yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 30kHz
Raws li hom overvoltage saum toj no, tus qauv voltage waveform tuaj yeem piav qhia.
2. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sij hawm ntev AC lossis DC voltage thiab rwb thaiv tsev sib koom ua ke yuav tsum raug suav tias yog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab qhov ua haujlwm tiag tiag.Hauv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm thiab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm qhov system, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab qhov ua haujlwm tiag tiag yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab.Ntxiv rau qhov ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm tus qauv, peb yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov tseeb ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kab hluav taws xob.Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tam sim no uas qhov zoo ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob tsis zoo nyob rau hauv Suav teb, thaum tsim cov khoom, qhov tseeb ua haujlwm voltage yog qhov tseem ceeb dua rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv overvoltage thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog cuam tshuam nrog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob.Nyob rau hauv lub system thiab cov khoom siv, muaj ntau hom kev overvoltage.Kev cuam tshuam ntawm overvoltage yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua tiav.Hauv qhov hluav taws xob qis hluav taws xob, overvoltage yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam sib txawv.Yog li ntawd, lub overvoltage nyob rau hauv lub system yog soj ntsuam los ntawm statistical method, reflecting ib lub tswv yim ntawm probability ntawm tshwm sim, Thiab nws yuav txiav txim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm probability txheeb cais seb puas yuav tsum tau kev tiv thaiv kev tswj.
2. Overvoltage qeb ntawm cov khoom siv
Raws li cov cuab yeej siv, qhov kev ua haujlwm ntev mus ntev voltage yuav tsum tau muab faib ncaj qha rau hauv chav kawm IV los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob overvoltage ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tsawg.Cov khoom siv ntawm overvoltage qeb IV yog cov cuab yeej siv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li ammeter thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tam sim no ntawm theem dhau los.Cov khoom siv ntawm chav kawm III overvoltage yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa hauv kev faib khoom, thiab kev nyab xeeb thiab kev siv ntawm cov cuab yeej yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb, xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab xa khoom.Cov khoom siv ntawm overvoltage class II yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev faib khoom, xws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov hom phiaj zoo sib xws.Cov khoom siv ntawm cov chav kawm overvoltage I yog txuas nrog cov khoom siv uas txwv qhov kev hloov pauv hloov mus rau theem qis heev, xws li hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrog kev tiv thaiv dhau-voltage.Rau cov khoom siv tsis ncaj qha los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tsawg, qhov siab tshaj plaws voltage thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke loj ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej uas yuav tshwm sim hauv cov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Thaum cov cuab yeej siv los ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm qib siab dua overvoltage qeb, thiab cov khoom siv nws tus kheej tsis muaj txaus tso cai rau pawg overvoltage, kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau coj los txo qhov overvoltage ntawm qhov chaw, thiab cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv tau.
a) Tshaj qhov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv ntaus ntawv
b) Transformers nrog cais winding
c) Ib tug ntau ceg Circuit Court tis system nrog kev xa tawm nthwv dej dhau los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob
d) Capacitance muaj peev xwm ntawm absorbing surge overvoltage zog
e) Damping ntaus ntawv muaj peev xwm ntawm absorbing surge overvoltage zog
3. Fais teb thiab zaus
Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau muab faib ua hluav taws xob tsis sib xws thiab cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws.Nyob rau hauv tsawg voltage switchgear, nws yog feem ntau suav hais tias yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis-uniform hluav taws xob teb.Qhov teeb meem zaus tseem tab tom xav txog.Feem ntau, tsawg zaus muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis qhov zaus tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev.
(2) Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab ib puag ncig
Lub macro ib puag ncig uas cov cuab yeej nyob rau hauv cuam tshuam rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.Los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm kev siv tam sim no thiab cov qauv, kev hloov ntawm huab cua siab tsuas yog siv rau hauv tus account qhov kev hloov ntawm huab cua siab los ntawm qhov siab.Kev hloov pauv huab cua txhua hnub tau raug tsis quav ntsej, thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kub thiab av noo kuj tau tsis quav ntsej.Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj tseeb dua, cov xwm txheej no yuav tsum tau xav txog.Los ntawm micro ib puag ncig, macro ib puag ncig txiav txim siab micro ib puag ncig, tab sis micro ib puag ncig yuav zoo dua lossis phem dua li cov khoom siv macro ib puag ncig.Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv, cua sov, qhov cua thiab plua plav ntawm lub plhaub yuav cuam tshuam rau micro ib puag ncig.Lub micro ib puag ncig muaj kev qhia meej hauv cov qauv tsim nyog.Saib Table 1, uas muab lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov khoom.
(3) Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev
Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv insulating yog qhov nyuaj heev, nws txawv ntawm cov pa roj, nws yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev uas tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau ib zaug puas.Txawm tias qhov xwm txheej overvoltage tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj mus tas li.Hauv kev siv mus ntev, cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev yuav ntsib ntau yam xwm txheej, xws li kev sib tsoo, thiab lwm yam. thiab cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev nws tus kheej yog vim muaj ntau yam sib xyaw ua ke rau lub sijhawm ntev, xws li thermal stress kub, mechanical cuam tshuam thiab lwm yam kev ntxhov siab yuav nrawm. txoj kev laus.Rau cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev, vim muaj ntau yam ntawm ntau yam, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev tsis sib xws, txawm tias muaj ntau qhov ntsuas.Qhov no ua rau qee qhov nyuaj rau kev xaiv thiab siv cov khoom siv insulating, uas yog vim li cas lwm yam khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, xws li thermal stress, mechanical zog, ib nrab tso tawm, thiab lwm yam, tsis suav nrog tam sim no.Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab saum toj no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev tau tham txog hauv IEC cov ntawv tshaj tawm, uas tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv kev siv tswv yim, tab sis tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj nuj nqis.Tam sim no, muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob siv los ua qhov ntsuas ntau rau cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev, uas yog piv nrog CTI tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov taw qhia, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg thiab plaub hom, thiab kev tiv thaiv to to leakage mark index PTI.Lub to taub qhov ntsuas ntsuas yog siv los tsim cov kab xau los ntawm kev xa cov kua dej paug mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev.Qhov kev sib piv ntau yog muab.
Qhov no qee qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau raug siv rau kev tsim cov khoom.
3. Kev txheeb xyuas kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev
Tam sim no, txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txheeb xyuas qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog siv cov kev ntsuas dielectric impulse, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem xaiv rau cov khoom sib txawv.
1. Txheeb xyuas qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog cov ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob
1.2/50 ntawm rated impulse voltage μ S yoj daim ntawv.
Cov zis impedance ntawm impulse generator ntawm impulse test fais fab mov yuav tsum yog ntau tshaj 500 feem ntau Ω, tus nqi impulse voltage tus nqi yuav tsum tau txiav txim raws li qhov teeb meem siv, overvoltage qeb thiab ntev siv voltage ntawm cov khoom, thiab yuav tsum tau kho raws mus rau qhov chaw siab.Tam sim no, qee qhov kev sim ntsuas tau siv rau qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob.Yog tias tsis muaj kev qhia meej meej ntawm cov av noo thiab qhov kub thiab txias, nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov kev thov ntawm tus qauv rau kev ua tiav switchgear.Yog hais tias cov cuab yeej siv ib puag ncig yog dhau qhov kev siv tau ntawm lub switchgear teeb, nws yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab kom kho.Kev kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm huab cua siab thiab kub yog raws li nram no:
Luas = 101.3 × 293 ( Δ T ＋ 293 )
K - kho qhov ntsuas huab cua siab thiab kub
Δ T – kub sib txawv K ntawm qhov tseeb (lab) kub thiab T = 20 ℃
P - qhov tseeb siab kPa
2. Dielectric xeem ntawm lwm yam impulse voltage
Rau qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, AC lossis DC xeem tuaj yeem siv los hloov qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsis zoo, tab sis hom kev sim no hnyav dua li qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob impulse, thiab nws yuav tsum tau pom zoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev sim yog 3 lub voj voog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev sib txuas lus.
DC xeem, txhua theem (zoo thiab tsis zoo) raws li kev siv hluav taws xob peb zaug, txhua lub sijhawm ntev yog 10ms.
1. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm ib txwm overvoltage.
2. Ua haujlwm nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
3. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm qib rwb thaiv tsev.
4. Cov txheej txheem dav dav rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-20-2023